URL shortening service written in Go and React
s/
Chrome extensionInstall it from Chrome Web Store or build it from source
git clone https://github.com/short-d/short.git
Copy backend/.env.dist
file to backend/.env
:
cp backend/.env.dist backend/.env
Copy frontend/.env.development.dist
file to frontend/.env.development
:
cp frontend/.env.development.dist frontend/.env.development
Sign up at ReCAPTCHA with the following configurations:
Field | Value |
---|---|
Label | Short |
reCAPTCHA type | reCAPTCHAv3 |
Domains | localhost |
Open settings
. Copy SITE KEY
and SECRET KEY
.
Replace the value of RECAPTCHA_SECRET
in the backend/.env
file with
SECRET KEY
.
Replace the value of REACT_APP_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY
in
frontend/.env.development
file with SITE KEY
.
Create a new Client ID at Google API Credentials:
Click on Create Credentials
and select OAuth client ID
.
Select Web application
for Application type
.
Fill in http://localhost/oauth/google/sign-in/callback
for Authorized redirect URIs
and click on Create
.
Replace the value of GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID
in backend/.env
file with Your Client ID
.
Replace the value of GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET
in backend/.env
file with
Your Client Secret
.
You can find the detailed instructions on setting up Facebook sign in here in case you are interested in.
You can find the detailed instructions on setting up Github sign in here in case you are interested in.
Update placeholder values with your own configurations.
Launch backend server
cd backend
./scripts/dev
Remember to install developers tools before start coding:
./scripts/tools
Update REACT_APP_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY
in frontend/.env.development
.
Launch frontend server
cd frontend
./scripts/dev
Visit http://localhost:3000
Short backend is built on top of Uncle Bob's Clean Architecture, the central objective of which is separation of concerns.
It enables the developers to modify a single component of the system at a time while leaving the rest unchanged. This minimizes the amount of changes have to be made in order to support new requirements as the system grows. Clean Architecture also improves the testability of system, which in turn saves precious time when creating automated tests.
Short adopts Microservices Architecture to organize dependent services around business capabilities and to enable independent deployment of each service.
SSR, Toggle, Status Page, Search, Data Reporter, Feedback Widget, and Cloud API are still under active development.
Short leverages class design, package cohesion, and package coupling principles to manage logical dependency between internal components.
Principal | Description |
---|---|
Single Responsibility Principle | A class should have one, and only one, reason to change. |
Open Closed Principle | You should be able to extend a classes behavior, without modifying it. |
Liskov Substitution Principle | Derived classes must be substitutable for their base classes. |
Interface Segregation Principle | Make fine grained interfaces that are client specific. |
Dependency Inversion Principle | Depend on abstractions, not on concretions. |
Principal | Description |
---|---|
Release Reuse Equivalency Principle | The granule of reuse is the granule of release. |
The Common Closure Principle | Classes that change together are packaged together. |
The Common Reuse Principle | Classes that are used together are packaged together. |
Principal | Description |
---|---|
Acyclic Dependencies Principle | The dependency graph of packages must have no cycles. |
Stable Dependencies Principle | Depend in the direction of stability. |
Stable Abstractions Principle | Abstractness increases with stability. |
Short produces flexible and loosely coupled code, by explicitly providing components with all of the dependencies they need.
type Authenticator struct {
tokenizer fw.CryptoTokenizer
timer fw.Timer
tokenValidDuration time.Duration
}
func NewAuthenticator(
tokenizer fw.CryptoTokenizer,
timer fw.Timer,
tokenValidDuration time.Duration,
) Authenticator {
return Authenticator{
tokenizer: tokenizer,
timer: timer,
tokenValidDuration: tokenValidDuration,
}
}
Short also simplifies the management of the big block of order-dependent initialization code with Wire, a compile time dependency injection framework by Google.
func InjectGraphQlService(
name string,
sqlDB *sql.DB,
graphqlPath provider.GraphQlPath,
secret provider.ReCaptchaSecret,
jwtSecret provider.JwtSecret,
bufferSize provider.KeyGenBufferSize,
kgsRPCConfig provider.KgsRPCConfig,
tokenValidDuration provider.TokenValidDuration,
) (mdservice.Service, error) {
wire.Build(
wire.Bind(new(fw.GraphQlAPI), new(graphql.Short)),
wire.Bind(new(url.Retriever), new(url.RetrieverPersist)),
wire.Bind(new(url.Creator), new(url.CreatorPersist)),
wire.Bind(new(repo.UserURLRelation), new(db.UserURLRelationSQL)),
wire.Bind(new(repo.URL), new(*db.URLSql)),
wire.Bind(new(keygen.KeyGenerator), new(keygen.Remote)),
wire.Bind(new(service.KeyFetcher), new(kgs.RPC)),
observabilitySet,
authSet,
mdservice.New,
provider.NewGraphGophers,
mdhttp.NewClient,
mdrequest.NewHTTP,
mdtimer.NewTimer,
db.NewURLSql,
db.NewUserURLRelationSQL,
provider.NewRemote,
url.NewRetrieverPersist,
url.NewCreatorPersist,
provider.NewKgsRPC,
provider.NewReCaptchaService,
requester.NewVerifier,
graphql.NewShort,
)
return mdservice.Service{}, nil
}
Short employs feature toggles
to modify system behavior without changing code.
UI components controlled by the feature toggles are created inside a centralized
UIFactory
in order to avoid having nested if
else
statement across the
code base:
// UIFactory.tsx
export class UIFactory {
constructor(
private featureDecisionService: IFeatureDecisionService
) {}
public createGoogleSignInButton(): ReactElement {
if (!this.featureDecisionService.includeGoogleSignButton()) {
return <div />;
}
return (
<GoogleSignInButton
googleSignInLink={this.authService.googleSignInLink()}
/>
);
}
public createGithubSignInButton(): ReactElement {
if (!this.featureDecisionService.includeGithubSignButton()) {
return <div />;
}
return (
<GithubSignInButton
githubSignInLink={this.authService.githubSignInLink()}
/>
);
}
}
Short also provides IFeatureDecisionService
interface, allowing the developers
to switch to dynamic feature toggle backend in the future by simply swapping
the dependency injected.
// FeatureDecision.service.ts
export interface IFeatureDecisionService {
includeGithubSignButton(): boolean;
includeGoogleSignButton(): boolean;
includeFacebookSignButton(): boolean;
}
// StaticConfigDecision.service.ts
import { IFeatureDecisionService } from './FeatureDecision.service';
export class StaticConfigDecisionService implements IFeatureDecisionService {
includeGithubSignButton(): boolean {
return false;
}
includeGoogleSignButton(): boolean {
return false;
}
includeFacebookSignButton(): boolean {
return true;
}
}
// dep.ts
export function initUIFactory(
...
): UIFactory {
...
const staticConfigDecision = new StaticConfigDecisionService();
...
return new UIFactory(
...,
staticConfigDecision
);
}
You can read about the detailed feature toggle design on this article.
In order to improve the quality and quantity of the website's traffic, Short increases its visibility to web search engines through HTML meta tags.
<!-- ./frontend/public/index.html -->
<title>Short: Free online link shortening service</title>
<!-- Search Engine Optimization -->
<meta name="description"
content="Short enables people to type less for their favorite web sites">
<meta name="robots" content="index, follow">
<link href="https://short-d.com" rel="canonical">
If you search short-d.com
on Google, you should see Short shows up as
the first result:
Short leverages Open Graph
tags to control what content shows up in
the summary card when the website is shared on Facebook or LinkedIn:
<!-- ./frontend/public/index.html -->
<!-- Open Graph -->
<meta property="og:title" content="Short: Free link shortening service"/>
<meta property="og:description"
content="Short enables people to type less for their favorite web sites"/>
<meta property="og:image"
content="https://short-d.com/promo/small-tile.png"/>
<meta property="og:url" content="https://short-d.com"/>
<meta property="og:type" content="website"/>
Shared on Facebook:
Shared on LinkedIn:
Twitter uses its own meta tags to determine what will show up when the website is mentioned in a Tweet:
<!-- Twitter -->
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/>
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@byliuyang11"/>
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Short: Free link shortening service"/>
<meta name="twitter:description"
content="Short enables people to type less for their favorite web sites"/>
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://short-d.com/promo/twitter-card.png"/>
Short is maintained by a small team of talented software engineers working at Google, Uber, and Vmware as a side project. The team wants to deliver new features faster without sacrificing its quality. Testing ever-increasing amount of features manually soon becomes impossible — unless we want to spend all our time with manual, repetitive work instead of delivering working features.
Test automation is the only way forward.
Please read Testing Strategies in a Microservice Architecture for a detailed introduction on test strategies.
A unit test exercises the smallest piece of testable software in the application to determine whether it behaves as expected.
Run unit tests for backend:
cd backend
./scripts/unit-test
An automated test method should be composed of 3As: Arrange, Act, and Assert.
An integration test verifies the communication paths and interactions between components to detect interface defects.
Run integration tests for backend:
cd backend
./scripts/integration-test
A component test limits the scope of the exercised software to a portion of the system under test, manipulating the system through internal code interfaces and using test doubles to isolate the code under test from other components.
An integration contract test is a test at the boundary of an external service verifying that it meets the contract expected by a consuming service.
An end-to-end test verifies that a system meets external requirements and achieves its goals, testing the entire system, from end to end.
Currently, we use continuous delivery to deploy code changes to staging & production environment.
Merging pull request into master branch on Github will automatically deploy the
changes to staging. Merging from master
branch
to production
branch will automatically deploy the latest code to the production.
In the future, when after we add enough automated tests, we may migrate to continuous deployment instead for faster releases.
You can find the differences between continuous delivery & continuous deployment here
Short leverages Kubernetes to automate deployment, scaling, and management of containerized microservices.
Short uses GitOps to configure Kubernetes cluster and span up new services.
Please read CONTRIBUTING.md for details on our code of conduct, the process for submitting pull requests to us, and our code review guideline.
Harry Liu - Initial work - byliuyang
As the tech lead of Short, I am responsible for the overall planning, execution and success of complex software solutions to meet users' needs.
I deeply believe in and am striving to achieve the right column of the following diagram:
This project is maintained under MIT license