SeleniumLibrary

.. contents::

Introduction

SeleniumLibrary_ is a web testing library for Robot Framework_ that utilizes the Selenium_ tool internally. The project is hosted on GitHub_ and downloads can be found from PyPI_.

SeleniumLibrary currently works with Selenium 4. It supports Python 3.8 or newer. In addition to the normal Python_ interpreter, it works also with PyPy_.

SeleniumLibrary is based on the "old SeleniumLibrary" that was forked to Selenium2Library and then later renamed back to SeleniumLibrary. See the VERSIONS.rst_ for more information about different versions and the overall project history.

.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/robotframework-seleniumlibrary.svg?label=version :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/robotframework-seleniumlibrary

.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/robotframework-seleniumlibrary.svg :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/robotframework-seleniumlibrary

.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/robotframework-seleniumlibrary.svg :target: https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

.. image:: https://github.com/robotframework/SeleniumLibrary/actions/workflows/CI.yml/badge.svg?branch=master :target: https://github.com/robotframework/SeleniumLibrary/actions/workflows/CI.yml

Keyword Documentation

See keyword documentation_ for available keywords and more information about the library in general.

Installation

The recommended installation method is using pip_::

pip install --upgrade robotframework-seleniumlibrary

Running this command installs also the latest Selenium and Robot Framework versions, but you still need to install browser drivers_ separately. The --upgrade option can be omitted when installing the library for the first time.

It is possible to install directly from the GitHub_ repository. To install latest source from the master branch, use this command::

pip install git+https://github.com/robotframework/SeleniumLibrary.git

Please note that installation will take some time, because pip will clone the SeleniumLibrary_ project to a temporary directory and then perform the installation.

See Robot Framework installation instructions_ for detailed information about installing Python and Robot Framework itself. For more details about using pip see its own documentation <pip_>__.

Browser drivers

After installing the library, you still need to install browser and operating system specific browser drivers for all those browsers you want to use in tests. These are the exact same drivers you need to use with Selenium also when not using SeleniumLibrary. More information about drivers can be found from Selenium documentation__.

The general approach to install a browser driver is downloading a right driver, such as chromedriver for Chrome, and placing it into a directory that is in PATH__. Drivers for different browsers can be found via Selenium documentation or by using your favorite search engine with a search term like selenium chrome browser driver. New browser driver versions are released to support features in new browsers, fix bug, or otherwise, and you need to keep an eye on them to know when to update drivers you use.

Alternatively, you can use a tool called WebdriverManager__ which can find the latest version or when required, any version of appropriate webdrivers for you and then download and link/copy it into right location. Tool can run on all major operating systems and supports downloading of Chrome, Firefox, Opera & Edge webdrivers.

Here's an example:

.. code:: bash

  pip install webdrivermanager
  webdrivermanager firefox chrome --linkpath /usr/local/bin

__ https://seleniumhq.github.io/selenium/docs/api/py/index.html#drivers __ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PATH_(variable) __ https://github.com/omenia/webdrivermanager

Usage

To use SeleniumLibrary in Robot Framework tests, the library needs to first be imported using the Library setting as any other library. The library accepts some import time arguments, which are documented in the keyword documentation_ along with all the keywords provided by the library.

When using Robot Framework, it is generally recommended to write as easy-to-understand tests as possible. The keywords provided by SeleniumLibrary is pretty low level, though, and often require implementation-specific arguments like element locators to be passed as arguments. It is thus typically a good idea to write tests using Robot Framework's higher-level keywords that utilize SeleniumLibrary keywords internally. This is illustrated by the following example where SeleniumLibrary keywords like Input Text are primarily used by higher-level keywords like Input Username.

.. code:: robotframework

*** Settings ***
Documentation     Simple example using SeleniumLibrary.
Library           SeleniumLibrary

*** Variables ***
${LOGIN URL}      http://localhost:7272
${BROWSER}        Chrome

*** Test Cases ***
Valid Login
    Open Browser To Login Page
    Input Username    demo
    Input Password    mode
    Submit Credentials
    Welcome Page Should Be Open
    [Teardown]    Close Browser

*** Keywords ***
Open Browser To Login Page
    Open Browser    ${LOGIN URL}    ${BROWSER}
    Title Should Be    Login Page

Input Username
    [Arguments]    ${username}
    Input Text    username_field    ${username}

Input Password
    [Arguments]    ${password}
    Input Text    password_field    ${password}

Submit Credentials
    Click Button    login_button

Welcome Page Should Be Open
    Title Should Be    Welcome Page

The above example is a slightly modified version of an example in a demo project_ that illustrates using Robot Framework and SeleniumLibrary. See the demo for more examples that you can also execute on your own machine. For more information about Robot Framework test data syntax in general see the Robot Framework User Guide_.

Extending SeleniumLibrary

Before creating your own library which extends the SeleniumLibrary, please consider would the extension be also useful also for general usage. If it could be useful also for general usage, please create a new issue describing the enhancement request and even better if the issue is backed up by a pull request.

If the enhancement is not generally useful, example solution is domain specific, then the SeleniumLibrary offers public APIs which can be used to build its own plugins and libraries. Plugin API allows us to add new keywords, modify existing keywords and modify the internal functionality of the library. Also new libraries can be built on top of the SeleniumLibrary. Please see extending documentation_ for more details about the available methods and for examples how the library can be extended.

Community

If the provided documentation is not enough, there are various community channels available:

• #seleniumlibrary and #seleniumlibrary-dev channels in Robot Framework Slack community_
• Robot Framework forum_ has channel for SeleniumLibrary.
• SeleniumLibrary issue tracker_ for bug reports and concrete enhancement requests
• Other community channels_ including paid support

.. _Robot Framework: https://robotframework.org .. _Selenium: https://www.seleniumhq.org/ .. _SeleniumLibrary: https://github.com/robotframework/SeleniumLibrary .. _pip: http://pip-installer.org .. _PyPI: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/robotframework-seleniumlibrary .. _GitHub: https://github.com/robotframework/SeleniumLibrary .. _Keyword Documentation: https://robotframework.org/SeleniumLibrary/SeleniumLibrary.html .. _Python: https://python.org .. _PyPy: https://pypy.org .. _demo project: https://github.com/robotframework/WebDemo .. _Robot Framework User Guide: https://robotframework.org/robotframework/latest/RobotFrameworkUserGuide.html .. _Robot Framework installation instructions: https://github.com/robotframework/robotframework/blob/master/INSTALL.rst .. _extending documentation: https://github.com/robotframework/SeleniumLibrary/blob/master/docs/extending/extending.rst .. _Slack community: https://robotframework-slack-invite.herokuapp.com .. _Robot Framework forum: https://forum.robotframework.org/ .. _issue tracker: https://github.com/robotframework/SeleniumLibrary/issues .. _Other community channels: https://robotframework.org/#community .. _VERSIONS.rst: https://github.com/robotframework/SeleniumLibrary/blob/master/VERSIONS.rst