Blurt - a Gnome shell extension for accurate speech-to-text input in Linux

(For a leaner tool working across all desktop environments, check also Blah Speech to Text.)

Blurt is a simple Gnome shell extension based on the command line utility NoteWhispers, which itself, is built around the great whisper.cpp. It is confirmed to work under version 43 of the GNOME shell (the current version on my Linux system).

UPDATE: GNOME SHELL version 45 is supported. Check it out from the gshell_45 branch or grab it from Releases, v1.0.5. If installing directly from the GNOME extensions website, please, get the corresponding "wsi" (or "netwsi") scripts from the zip archives in the Releases page! The unified functionality script wsi in the master branch is in sync with version 6 of the extension published at GNOME extensions.

UPDATE: Now capable of transcribing with a whisper.cpp server - speedier and recommended.

When the extension is installed and enabled (indicated with Ɓ in the top bar), one can input text from speech into any window that allows input (such as the text editor in the screencast below). This is done by pressing a key combination (<CTRL+ALT+a> is the default), triggering a speech recognizer process that records a speech clip from the microphone, transcribes it with whisper.cpp and sends the result to the PRIMARY selection or Clipboard under X11 or Wayland. When recording speech, a microphone indicator appears in the top bar and the color of the extension indicator Ɓ becomes yellow. The disappearance of the microphone icon from the top bar indicates that the recognizer has "blurted" a snippet of text that can be pasted with the middle mouse button. (Note that on slower systems there may be a slight delay after the microphone icon disappears and before the text reaches the clipboard due to the time needed for transcription. On my computer it is less than 300 ms for an average paragraph of spoken text).

The convenience that this extension affords is demonstrated in this screencast (note the microphone icon at the top when recording):

SYSTEM SETUP

PREREQUISITES:

• zsh or bash command line shell installation on a Linux system running GNOME.
• working whisper.cpp installation (see https://github.com/ggerganov/whisper.cpp
• recent versions of sox, xsel, curl (or wl-copy for Wayland) command-line tools from your system's repositories.
• A working microphone

DISCLAIMER: Some of the proposed actions, if implemented, will alter how your system works internally (e.g. systemwide temporary file storage and memory management). The author neither takes credit nor assumes any responsibility for any outcome that may or may not result from interacting with the contents of this document. Suggestions in this section are based on the author's choice and opinion and may not fit the taste or the particular situation of everyone; please, adjust as you like.

"INSTALLATION"

(Assuming whisper.cpp is installed and the "main" and "server" executables compiled with 'make' in the cloned whisper.cpp repo. See Prerequisites section)

• Place the orchestrator script wsi in $HOME/.local/bin/ (also handles connection to a wisper.cpp server)

 cp -t $HOME/.local/bin wsi

• Make it executable:

  cd $HOME/.local/bin; chmod +x wsi
  

• Configure the script to match your environment (see CONFIGURATION section below).
• Run once from the command line to let the script check for required dependencies.
• If using local whisper.cpp, create a symbolic link (the code expects 'transcribe' in your $PATH) to the compiled "main" executable in the whisper.cpp directory. For example, create it in your $HOME/.local/bin/ (part of your $PATH) with

ln -s /full/path/to/whisper.cpp/main $HOME/.local/bin/transcribe

If transcribe is not in your $PATH, either edit the call to it in wsi to include the absolute path, or add its location to the $PATH variable. Otherwise the script and by extension, the extension:-) will fail.

• The extension can then be installed either from https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/6742/blurt/ with one-click install, or manually by clonning this repository (or just grabbing the zip archive). If you are installing the Blurt GNOME extension manually, place the extracted folder [email protected] into $HOME/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions and enable it from your Extensions system app or from the command line with

gnome-extensions enable [email protected]

provided that it is detected by the system, which can be checked by inspecting the output of

gnome-extensions list

CONFIGURATION

Inside the wsi script, near the begining, there is a clearly marked section, named "USER CONFIGURATION BLOCK" where all the user-configurable variables (described in the following section) have been collected. Most can be left as is but the important ones are the location of the whisper.cpp model file that you would like to use during transcription and/or the fallback network address and port of the whisper.cpp server. The location of the wsi script (should be in your $PATH) can be changed from the "Preferences" dialog, accessible by the system Extensions app or by clicking on the Blurt (Ɓ) top bar indicator label. The keyboard shortcut to initiate speech input can also be modified if necessary. Check the gschema.xml file for the key combination and adjust as desired. The schema then has to be recompiled with glib-compile-schemas schemas/ from the command line in the extension folder

TIPS AND TRICKS

Sox is recording in wav format at 16k rate, the only currently accepted by whisper.cpp. This is done in wsi with this command: rec -t wav $ramf rate 16k silence 1 0.1 3% 1 2.0 6% It will attempt to stop on silence of 2s with signal level threshold of 6%. A very noisy environment will prevent the detection of silence and the recording (of noise) will continue. This is a problem and a remedy that may not work in all cases is to adjust the duration and silence threshold in the sox filter in the wsi script. You can use the manual interuption method below if preferred - now built in the extension itself

You can't raise the threshold arbitrarily because, if you consistently lower your voice (fadeout) at the end of your speech, it may get cut off if the threshold is high. Lower it in that case to a few %.
It is best to try to make the speech distinguishable from noise by amplitude (speak clearly, close to the microphone), while minimizing external noise (sheltered location of the microphone, noise canceling hardware etc.) With good speech signal level, the threshold can then be more effective, since SNR (speech-to-noise ratio:-) is effectively increased.

Manual speech recording interuption (built-in in the latest version of Blurt - no need to set up, CTRL+ALT+z is default)

For those who want to be able to interupt the recording manually with a key combination, in the spirit of great hacks, we will not even try to rewrite the extension code because... "kiss". Instead of writing javascript to fight with shell setups and edge cases when transfering signals from the GNOME shell to a Gio.subprocess in a new bash or zsh shell etc., we are going to, again, use the system built-in features:

• Open your GNOME system settings and find "Keyboard".
• Under "Keyboard shortcuts", "View and customize shortcuts"
• In the new window, scroll down to "Custom Shortcuts" and press it.
• Press "+" to add a new shortcut and give it a name: "Blurt it already!"
• In the "Command" field type pkill --signal 2 rec
• Then press "Set Shortcut" and select a (unused) key combination. For example CTRL+ALT+x
• Click Add and you are done. That Simple. Just make sure that the new key binding has not been set-up already for something else. Now when the extension is recording speech, it can be stopped with the new key combo and transcription will start immediatelly.

For the minimalists, it is trivial to extrapolate from this hack to a complete CLI solution, without a single pixel of GUI video buffering. (A simple Adwaita widget window can cost MBs of video memory) Enter BlahST - this more universal, lightweight tool configured for client-server transcription, has replaced Blurt completely for me.

After the speech is captured, it will be passed to transcribe (whisper.cpp) for speech recognition. This will happen faster than real time (especially with a fast CPU or if your whisper.cpp installation uses CUDA). One can adjust the number of processing threads used by adding -t n to the command line parameters of transcribe (please, see whisper.cpp documentation). The script will then parse the text to remove non-speech artifacts, format it and send it to the PRIMARY selection (clipboard) using either X11 or Wayland tools.

In principle, whisper (whisper.cpp) is multilingual and with the correct model file, this extension will "blurt" out UTF-8 text transcribed in the correct language. In the wsi script, the language choice can be made permanent by using -l LC in the transcribe call, where LC stands for the language code of choice, for example -l fr for french.

Temporary directory and files

Speech-to-text transcription is memory- and CPU-intensive task and fast storage for read and write access can only help. That is why wsi stores temporary and resource files in memory, for speed and to reduce SSD/HDD "grinding": TEMPD='/dev/shm'. This mount point of type "tmpfs" is created in RAM (let's assume that you have enough, say, at least 8GB) and is made available by the kernel for user-space applications. When the computer is shut down it is automatically wiped out, which is fine since we do not need the intermediate files. In fact, for some types of applications (looking at you Electron), it would be beneficial (IMHO) to have the systemwide /tmp mount point also kept in RAM. Moving /tmp to RAM may speed up application startup a bit. A welcome speedup for any Electron app. In its simplest form, this transition is easy, just run:

echo "tmpfs /tmp tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev" | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab and then restart your Linux computer. For the aforementioned reasons, especially if HDD is the main storage media, one can also move the ASR model files needed by whisper.cpp in the same location (/dev/shm). These are large files, that can be transferred to this location at the start of a terminal session (or at system startup). This can be done using your .profile file by placing something like this in it:

([ -f /dev/shm/ggml-base.en.bin ] || cp /path/to/your/local/whisper.cpp/models/ggml* /dev/shm/)

At this stage the extension, while useful, is somewhat of a "convenience hack" and can be improved by a seasoned GNOME developer who may find a better way to invoke whisper.cpp and fill the clipboard. A virtual keyboard device implementing a legitimate IBus input method to send the text to a target text field is another direction for improvement, although I have no idea how to spy the field in focus, outside of the hacky nature of xdotoll and such.

Credits

• Open AI (for Whisper)
• Georgi Gerganov and community ( for Whisper's C/C++ port whisper.cpp)
• The sox developers (for the venerable "Swiss Army knife of sound processing tools")
• The creators and maintainers of GNOME and utilities such as xsel, xclip, wl-copy, the heaviweight ffmpeg and others that make the Linux environment (CLI and GUI) such a powerful paradigm.