Product App

Updated to the latest Ember v3

We are going to build a web application which could be a web-shop or a product management app. We can add products, they can belong to a category. We can manage categories also. First of all let's focus on the administration area, later we build the "store front" where a user can collect products in a shopping cart.

I suppose, you finished already the Ember.js Tutorial, where you built the Library App, so you know roughly how we build Ember application on "Ember Way". For this reason, I don't explain everything, we can focus only the main steps. (It means, you will see all the steps with less explanation. ;)

At the beginning there won't add any styling, so we can focus only for the functionality.

Let's create a new app:

$ ember new product-app

This is the data model structure, what we would like to implement. I leave it here, so I can refer back to this table when we implement the related part.

Models

category
name	string
products	hasMany

product
name	string
sku	string
categories	belongsTo
tags	hasMany
unitPrice	number

tag
name	string
products	hasMany

shoppingCart
user	string
purchaseDate	date
paid	boolean
lineItems	hasMany
total	number

lineItem
shoppingCart	belongsTo
product	belongsTo
quantity	number
sum	number

Requirements

Let's create a list about our requirements. Basically this will be our main todo list. ;)

• Lesson 1 - Admin user can navigate to /admin
• Lesson 2 - Admin user can CRUD (create, read, update, delete) categories on /admin/categories
• Homework 1 - Admin user can CRUD products on /admin/products
• Lesson 3 - Admin user can change the category of a product
• Homework 2 - User can see the list of products on the home (index)
• Lesson 4 - User can filter the list of products clicking on a category
• Lesson 5 - User can collect products in a shopping cart

## 1. Home page and Admin page

Creating application template and a link to the home page

$ ember g template application

{{!-- app/templates/application.hbs --}}
{{link-to 'Home' 'index'}}

<hr>

{{outlet}}

Add an index page with a header.

$ ember g template index

{{!-- app/templates/index.hbs --}}
<h1>Home Page</h1>

Creating /admin route

• Create an admin route,
• add an h1 header to the main admin page and
• add a link to the application template.

$ ember g route admin

{{!-- app/templates/admin.hbs --}}
<h1>Admin Page</h1>

{{outlet}}

{{!-- app/templates/application.hbs --}}
{{link-to 'Home' 'index'}} | {{link-to 'Admin' 'admin'}}

2. Categories Page and CRUD interface

admin/categories page

• Create a categories page under admin route and
• add a link to the main admin page.

$ ember g route admin/categories

{{!-- app/templates/admin/categories.hbs --}}
<h1>Categories Admin Page</h1>

{{outlet}}

{{!-- app/templates/admin.hbs --}}
<h1>Admin Page</h1>

{{link-to 'Categories' 'admin.categories'}}

<hr>

{{outlet}}

Notes about nested templates and directory structure

In Ember, the templates have a clear, strict hierarchy. Firstly, each page or subpage (embeded page) has a main "wrapper" template and has an "index" page. For example, the main-main, top template is the application.hbs, and it has an index.hbs, which actually the app's home page.

The "wrapper" page file name is the same as the represented route, so if we have an /admin page, than we have an admin route, so we have an admin.hbs. If we wouldn't like to add a nested subroute to admin we can use this admin.hbs for presenting the content. Otherwise if we add a new subroute to the admin, for example /admin/categories, than we have to create a new folder in the templates directory, this new folder will be templates/admin. In this folder we can have an index.hbs, which will be the main page of the /admin route, and we could have a categories.hbs which will be the "wrapper" file for that subroute.

Important, if we have a subroute, we have to add {{outlet}} handlebar code to the "wrapper" template. The subroute content will be rendered in this "outlet" placeholder.

Creating the Category model

Repeat: Please learn computed properties, observers and actions from Lesson 2 on Ember Tutorial.

In this session we add real functionality to our Category Admin page. Firstly, we implement an input box with an "Add" button, which will extend the category list, additionally we attache a "Delete" button also to each existing category item, so we can remove them from the list. In our first implementation it will use only an Ember Array, so it uses the web-browser memory only. Secondly, we will use Ember Data and a proper Model, which would expect the existence of a database and a backend system. Luckily we can mock the backend. I show two options here, the first will use Ember CLI http-mock server, the second one will use a popular add-on: Ember Mirage.

Data down from route to template

Important: In Ember.js everything starts from the url. When you navigate to a page, the url changes, Ember automatically checks the map in router.js. Based on the Router.map it is automatically enter in the connected Route Handler (route). Ember will goes through on a certain steps in this route, after it will setup the controller and finally the template.

Check out this figure from the Ember Guides

The rule of thumb, if you would like to show data from an external source (from your database) on your page, it should download (via backend service) almost always in model hook of the route handler. Which means, you almost always have to have a model function in your route file and return the data from that function, it will automatically added to a model property in your controller and template. Let see, how it works in our Category Admin page.

We already generated our Categories route handler (app/routes/admin/categories.js). Let's extend this file with a model function, with a "model hook". We call it "model hook", because this function is exists in the Ember framework, so it will be automatically invoked. Check out in the official documentation how many "built-in" functions are in a route handler, but don't worry, we will use only a couple, if you are already on the official api documentation page, please read the doc of the model hook with clicking on the "model" link. If it does not make any sense, you are not alone. It is totally normal, when you start learning a new framework or tool. ;) It will be much clearer later.

Back to our Product App. Update the category route. Let's return an array of objects in our "model hook".

// app/routes/admin/categories.js
import Ember from 'ember';

export default Ember.Route.extend({

  model() {
    return [
      {
        id: 1,
        name: 'First Category'
      },
      {
        id: 2,
        name: 'Second Category'
      }
    ];
  }
  
});

Now, update the categories template, add an each loop handlebars helper to categories.hbs:

<h1>Categories Admin Page</h1>

<ul>
  {{#each model as |category|}}
    <li>ID: {{category.id}}, NAME: {{category.name}}</li>
  {{/each}}
</ul>

Yey, we have a list of categories:

Next step is creating an input field and adding new items to our model. I suppose, you already know a lot about actions also.

Update your template with a form, an input box with action, and let's add a counter also:

{{!-- /app/templates/admin/categories.hbs --}}
<h1>Categories Admin Page</h1>

<form>
  <label>ID:</label>
    {{input value=newCategoryId}}
  <label>NAME:</label>
    {{input value=newCategoryName}}
  <button type="submit" {{action 'addNewCategory' newCategoryId newCategoryName}}>Add</button>
</form>

<ul>
  {{#each model as |category|}}
    <li>ID: {{category.id}}, NAME: {{category.name}}</li>
  {{/each}}
</ul>

Category Counter: {{model.length}}

So we have a simple form, where we read an id and a name, we can submit this data with hitting Enter or clicking on the button. It will invoke the action function and pass two params.

We have to implement the action in our route handler. This action will push a new object to the model array, which is in the controller.

// app/routes/admin/categories.js
import Ember from 'ember';

export default Ember.Route.extend({

  model() {
    return [
      {
        id: 1,
        name: 'First Category'
      },
      {
        id: 2,
        name: 'Second Category'
      }
    ];
  },

  actions: {

    addNewCategory(id, name) {
      this.controller.get('model').pushObject({ id, name });
    }

  }
});

Add the delete button also, extend the categories.hbs template list element with a button:

<ul>
  {{#each model as |category|}}
    <li>
      ID: {{category.id}}, NAME: {{category.name}} 
      <button {{action 'deleteCategory' category}}>Del</button>
    </li>
  {{/each}}
</ul>

Action goes in app/routes/admin/categories.js:

//...
  actions: {

    addNewCategory(id, name) {
      this.controller.get('model').pushObject({ id, name });
    },

    deleteCategory(category) {
      this.controller.get('model').removeObject(category);
    }
  }
//...

You can read more about pushObject and removeObject on Ember.NativeArray documentation page.

Is your app looks like this?

Brilliant, you can add and remove items from an array model, however if you reload the page, all added record is gone.

Ember Data

Ember Data is responsible for managing ajax request from or to a server. It uses adapters to communicate with different type of backend systems.

An Ember application has a store service. We can access data via this service.

The core element of Ember Data is Ember Model, where we can declare the properties of a model.

More about models on the official guide and architecture overview from this page:

Generate Model

Ember CLI can generate for us a skeleton model. The following command will create a category.js in our model folder and will add a name field with string type.

$ ember generate model category name:string

Update model hook

We have a model in our Product Application, let's use it in our Categories admin page.

Let's delete the dummy data from model() hook in /routes/admin/categories.js and update as follow. In the same step, we can update our addNewCategory() and deleteCategory() actions also.

// app/routes/admin/categories.js
import Ember from 'ember';

export default Ember.Route.extend({

  model() {
    return this.store.findAll('category');
  },

  actions: {

    addNewCategory(id, name) {
      this.store.createRecord('category', { id, name }).save();
    },

    deleteCategory(category) {
      category.destroyRecord();
    }
  }
});

We use this.store.findAll() for downloading all the available record, this.store.createRecord() can create a new record, .save() would try to permanently save it. We can use .destroyRecord() for totally remove from our app and from the server the related record.

But first of all try out the above code. Try to reload the page.

Check the console! Our app try to download data from somewhere, but get a 404 Error response, because we doesn't really have any backend server.

Your backend could be Ruby on Rails app, Node.js app, .Net app, PHP app, Python based app, Elixir or anything else. It could be a cloud based solution also, like Firebase, you've already learned about it when you built the Library App from http://yoember.com.

In this tutorial, we will use the famous Ember-Mirage mock server.

Add Mirage

1. Install Mirage

$ ember install ember-cli-mirage

Check our new helpers:

$ ember g --help

2. Create a Mirage Model, we would like to mock our Category:

$ ember g mirage-model category

Update mirage/config.js

this.namespace = '/api';

this.get('/categories', (schema, request) => {
  return schema.categories.all();
});

• Relaunch your app, try to click on "Categories".

• Check the error message in console.

Actually, you can play with the old jQuery.get() in console. $.get('/api/categories')

3. Time to add Adapter to our Ember app:

$ ember g adapter application

Still need the namespace setting.

// app/adapters/application.js
import DS from 'ember-data';

export default DS.JSONAPIAdapter.extend({

  namespace: 'api'
});

Try now!

4. Fake data with Factories

$ ember g mirage-factory category

// mirage/factories/category.js
import { Factory } from 'ember-cli-mirage';

export default Factory.extend({

  name(i) {return `Category ${i}`}

});

Let's update our default scenario:

// mirage/scenarios/default.js
export default function(server) {

  server.createList('category', 10);
}

Check your app.

Update mirage/config.js with shorthand

this.get('/categories');

Try to save a new category...

Check console.

Extend config

this.post('/categories');

Try to delete a new category...

Check console.

Extend config

this.del('/categories/:id');

Using Faker in Factory

Check faker.js

// mirage/factories/category.js
import { Factory, faker } from 'ember-cli-mirage';

export default Factory.extend({

  name: faker.commerce.department
});

One more!

Replace get, post and del with a single resource shorthand:

this.resource('categories');

Add Bootstrap

In an earlier implementation, this repository used ember-bootstrap, but I felt it was a little bit too abstract. The latest version of this project uses ember-cli-bootstrap-sassy.

More details: http://yoember.com/#ember-bootstrap-sass

$ ember install ember-cli-sass
$ ember install ember-cli-bootstrap-sassy
$ ember install ember-bootstrap-nav-link
$ echo '@import "bootstrap";' > ./app/styles/app.scss && rm ./app/styles/app.css

application.hbs

<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
  <div class="container">
    <div class="navbar-header">
      <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar-collapse"
              aria-expanded="false">
        <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
        <span class="icon-bar"></span>
        <span class="icon-bar"></span>
        <span class="icon-bar"></span>
      </button>
      {{link-to 'Product App' 'index' class="navbar-brand"}}
    </div>

    <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbar-collapse">

      <ul class="nav navbar-nav">

        <NavLinkTo @route='index'>Home</NavLinkTo>
        <NavLinkTo @route='admin'>Admin</NavLinkTo>

      </ul>

    </div>
  </div>
</nav>

<div class="container">
  {{outlet}}
</div>

app.scss update

body {
  padding-top: 70px
}

admin.hbs

<ul class="nav nav-pills">
  <NavLinkTo @route='admin.categories'>Categories</NavLinkTo>
  <NavLinkTo @route='admin.products'>Products</NavLinkTo>
</ul>

<hr>

{{outlet}}

Save Category record to database

We can update now our addNewCategory action in app/routes/admin/categories.js.

Because the id of the record is generated by the backend, in our case our mock database system, we can remove this param from our function and from our template also. We can use Ember Bootstrap components for building our form.

{{!-- app/templates/admin/categories.hbs --}}
<h1>Admin - Categories</h1>

<div class="well well-sm">

  <form class="form-inline" {{action 'addNewCategory' newCategoryName on='submit'}}>
    <div class="form-group">
      <label for="new-category">New category:</label>
      {{input type="text" class="form-control" id="new-category" placeholder="Category name" value=newCategoryName}}
    </div>
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Add</button>
  </form>
</div>

<table class="table table-striped">
  <caption>List of categories</caption>
  <thead>
  <tr>
    <th>#</th>
    <th>Name</th>
    <th>Actions</th>
  </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
  {{#each model as |category|}}
    <tr>
      <td>{{category.id}}</td>
      <td>{{category.name}}</td>
      <td>
        <button class="btn btn-xs btn-danger" {{action 'deleteCategory' category}}>Del</button>
      </td>
    </tr>
  {{/each}}
  </tbody>
</table>

Number of categories: {{model.length}}

// app/routes/admin/categories.js
import Ember from 'ember';

export default Ember.Route.extend({

  model() {
    return this.store.findAll('category');
  },

  actions: {

    addNewCategory(name) {
      this.store.createRecord('category', { name }).save();
    },

    deleteCategory(category) {
      category.destroyRecord();
    }
  }
});

There is a .save() which is a Promise, so we can use .then to manage the callback, when the server respond arrives.

.then(
  category => console.log('Response:', category),
  error => console.log(error)
)

Server respond can be positive or negative. It can "fulfill" or "reject" our request. The .then() method has two params, both are callback functions. The first will get the positive respond with the record, the second will get an error respond. You can play with it with changing our mock server (mirage) settings. Mirage can simulate negative responds also.

You can read more about mirage's route handler and post shorthands on the following pages: http://www.ember-cli-mirage.com/docs/v0.2.x/route-handlers/ http://www.ember-cli-mirage.com/docs/v0.2.x/shorthands/#post-shorthands

If you add the following line to your mirage config file, it responds with a 500 error, which is a brutal internal server error code.

// /app/mirage/config.js
this.post('categories', 'category', 500);

If you extend your app/routes/admin/categories.js Category route handler with the following code, you can write out in your console the error message from mirage.

    addNewCategory(name) {
      this.store.createRecord('category', { name }).save().then(
        category => {
          console.info('Response:', category);
          this.controller.set('newCategoryName', '');
        },
        error => {
          console.error('Error from server:', error);
        });
    },

We can improve further our model to manage the positive and negative responses automatically.

Better practice, if we create an empty model in the store when the user entering the page. On our category list page, our main model is a list of categories, which arrived from the server, this list is automatically added to the controller's model property.

We can use the setupController hook in the route handler, to create a new empty category also and we can manually add it to a property, what we name it as newCategory.

// app/routes/admin/categories.js
  setupController(controller, model) {
    this._super(controller, model);

    controller.set('newCategory', this.store.createRecord('category'));
  },

Now we can update our template:

<!-- /app/templates/admin/categories.hbs -->
  <div class="well well-sm">
    <form class="form-inline" {{action 'addNewCategory' newCategory on='submit'}}>
      <div class="form-group">
        <label for="new-category">New category:</label>
        {{input type="text" class="form-control" id="new-category" placeholder="Category name" value=newCategory.name}}
      </div>
      <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Add</button>
    </form>
  </div>

And the action in route handler:

    addNewCategory(newCategory) {
      newCategory.save().then(
        category => {
          console.info('Response:', category);
          this.controller.set('newCategory', this.store.createRecord('category'));
        },
        error => {
          console.error('Error from server:', error);
        });
    },

Error and loading state

Using isError to show some error message on the page.

<!-- /app/templates/admin/categories.hbs -->
{{#if newCategory.isError}}
  Error!!
  {{#each newCategory.errors as |error|}}
    {{error}}
  {{/each}}
{{/if}}

Further options managing errors: error.hbs or error action. You can have an error.hbs in the main route our subroutes, Ember automatically will show that page if the server response with error. Other option is an error action in your route, if a request in model() hook is failed, this action will be called automatically. More details in the official guide: https://guides.emberjs.com/v2.9.0/routing/loading-and-error-substates/

There is a loading state also, you can show a loading spinner or a message while Ember is downloading data in model() hook. Drop a loading.hbs in your template folder and/or subfolders. Emulate a slow server with mirage. Uncomment this line in app/mirage/config.js: this.timing = 400; and rewrite 400 for 2000 (2 seconds).

Filter out the empty record

Previously we modified our route handler and we added a createRecord() in setupController() hook. Actually, this created a new empty record, which appears in the list. However, Ember Data automatically add a few state helper to the records. We will use isNew to filter out this record from the list.

Update the template:

  {{#each model as |category|}}
    {{#unless category.isNew}}
      <tr>
        <td>{{category.id}}</td>
        <td>
          {{category.name}}
        </td>
        <td>
          <button class="btn btn-xs btn-danger" {{action 'deleteCategory' category}}>Del</button>
        </td>
      </tr>
    {{/unless}}
  {{/each}}

Edit a record

Extend the category model:

// app/models/category.js
import DS from 'ember-data';

export default DS.Model.extend({

  name: DS.attr('string'),

  isEditing: false

});

Edit the name of a category with clicking on the name or a dedicated button.

  {{#each model as |category|}}
    {{#unless category.isNew}}
      <tr>
        <td>{{category.id}}</td>
        <td {{action 'editCategory' category}}>
          {{#if category.isEditing}}
            {{input value=category.name}}
            <button {{action 'updateCategory' category}}>Save</button>
          {{else}}
            {{category.name}}
          {{/if}}
        </td>
        <td>
          <button class="btn btn-xs btn-danger" {{action 'deleteCategory' category}}>Del</button>
          <button class="btn btn-xs btn-success" {{action 'editCategory' category}}>Edit</button>
        </td>
      </tr>
    {{/unless}}
  {{/each}}

Add actions to the route handler:

actions: {

    addNewCategory(newCategory) {
      newCategory.save().then(
        category => {
          console.info('Response:', category);
          this.controller.set('newCategory', this.store.createRecord('category'));
        },
        error => {
          console.error('Error from server:', error);
        });
    },

    editCategory(category) {
      category.set('isEditing', true);
    },

    updateCategory(category) {
      category.save().then(
        category => category.set('isEditing', false)
      );
    },

    deleteCategory(category) {
      category.destroyRecord();
    }
}

The actual state of the categories admin page:

Homework 1 - Create the Admin page for Products

Create the Admin page for Products. You should basically repeat almost the same steps what we followed while we have been building the Categories page.

1. Generate admin/products route and update the navigation bar on admin pages.

2. Generate a product model with the following fields:

• name (string)
• sku (string) (Sku = stock keeping unit - usually this is the barcode number in a shop.)
• unitPrice (number)

3. Mock product model and server calls with Mirage. (Use ember generate mirage-model and ember generate mirage-factory. Update the scenario and the config file in mirage folder. Check the Faker.js website and find a related method to generate random product names. Mirage should generate at least 20 products.)

4. List all the products on admin/products page. (You have to add code to your admin/product route handler and implement handlebar in the connected template.)

5. Add a form to the product list page, where you can create and save a new product, implement the connected actions.

6. Add editing feature to the list. Three columns are in this list (name, sku, price). It is a nice solution, if there is an Edit button at the end of the row and clicking on this button, the row became a form. When the row is in editing state buttons should be "Save" and "Cancel". Implement the connected actions also.

A possible solution in this commit

Lesson 3 - Manage relationship with Ember Data

Related guide: Ember.js Guide - Model Relationships

Requirements in this lesson:

• Extend Ember.js models with hasMany and belongsTo references.
• Add the relationship to the mock, so Mirage can manage
• Add a new option to Product form

Steps:

• Extend models.
• Add extra column to Product list.
• Update mirage models with associations
  • http://www.ember-cli-mirage.com/docs/v0.2.x/models/#associations
  • http://www.ember-cli-mirage.com/docs/v0.2.x/factories/#factories-and-relationships
• Update mirage factories with afterCreate()
• Add extra column to Categories with {{category.products.length}}
• Check server calls in console, too many, reduce it with adding includes option to findAll in model hook.
• Add a select box to the Product create form. (Using emberx-select addon.)

$ ember install emberx-select

https://github.com/thefrontside/emberx-select

    <div class="form-group">
      <label for="category">Category:</label>
      {{#x-select id="category" class="form-control" value=newProduct.category as |xs|}}
        {{#each categories as |category|}}
          {{#xs.option value=category}}
            {{category.name}}
          {{/xs.option}}
        {{/each}}
      {{/x-select}}
    </div>

Homework 2: List products on the home page.

• Generate an index route.
• Download all product in model hook.
• List on index.hbs so it will appear on the home page.
• Add some style, for example panel from Bootstrap.

A possible solution in this commit

Lesson 4 - Filter products with categories

WIP

Lesson 5 - Creating a shopping cart service and add/remove products in shopping cart.

(draft)

Reading:

• Services
• Dependency Injection

Implementation steps:

• Create shopping cart service with add/remove functions.
• Inject in the application (routes, controllers, components), so it will be available everywhere.
• Implement an Add to Cart button and action in the product boxes on the home page.
• Create a shopping-cart component, which will be available from everywhere, so we can remove items or finalize the order.

$ ember generate service shopping-cart

• Add button to the product panel

• Add action to the index.js

• Inject shopping-cart service

• Add a badge to the navbar, but how we access to the shoppingCart

• Dependency Injection, initializer

$ ember generate initializer shopping-cart

• Modal Window implementation
• Named outlet
• Checkout template and controller

$ ember g template checkout
$ ember g controller checkout

• Render in application route

• Close modal window action

• List products from service

• Remove item from the service

• Passing the index instead of the product