AVRDUDE for Windows
This is a fork of AVRDUDE from https://github.com/avrdudes/avrdude.
The purpose of this fork is to add better support for Windows to bring it on par with the Linux version of AVRDUDE.
Noteable changes include:
The original AVRDUDE project homepage can be found here https://github.com/avrdudes/avrdude.
Documentation for current and previous releases is on Github Pages.
To get the latest version of AVRDUDE for Windows, go to the releases folder:
https://github.com/mariusgreuel/avrdude/releases
This build contains support for Atmel AVR programmers, such as
This build does not rely on libusb drivers. Instead the default Atmel drivers can be used, allowing you to use AVRDUDE and Atmel Studio 7 side-by-side, without switching drivers.
If you previously changed the driver of your programmer to libusb, you should use Windows Device Manager to uninstall the device, and then reinstall using the default Windows drivers.
This build adds support for the Micronucleus bootloader, so you do no longer need a separate command-line utility when working with devices that use the Micronucleus bootloader.
The Micronucleus bootloader is typically used on small ATtiny boards, such as Digispark (ATtiny85), Digispark Pro (ATtiny167), and the respective clones. By default, it uses the USB VID/PID 16D0:0753 (MCS Digistump).
Since this bootloader is optimized for size, it implements writing to flash memory only. As it does not support reading, you need to use the -V option to prevent AVRDUDE from verifing the flash memory. To have AVRDUDE wait for the device to be connected, use the extended option '-x wait'.
avrdude -c micronucleus -p t85 -x wait -V -U flash:w:main.hex:i
This build adds support for the Teensy HalfKay bootloader, so you do no longer need a the Teensy Loader tool when working with Teensy devices.
Since this bootloader is optimized for size, it implements writing to flash memory only. As it does not support reading, you need to use the -V option to prevent AVRDUDE from verifing the flash memory. To have AVRDUDE wait for the device to be connected, use the extended option '-x wait'.
Supported devices are:
avrdude -c teensy -p m32u4 -x wait -V -U flash:w:main.hex:i
Most Arduino boards use a USB-based virtual COM port, which is connected to some sort of bootloader. Since COM port numbers (COM1, COM2, ...) are determined by Windows, you first need to use Windows device manager to figure out the COM port before you can use AVRDUDE to flash the board. Alternatively, you may use Windows device manager to assign a COM port of your choice to the USB device. Additionally, the COM port of your Arduino board may change over time, for instance if you plug the device in a different USB port.
To simplify the discovery of your Arduino board, I provided the possibility to specify the USB vendor and product ID instead of the COM port.
For instance, to connect to an Arduino Leonardo, use the following command:
avrdude -c avr109 -P usb:2341:0036 -p m32u4
Since the USB vendor and device ID 2341:0036 is the identical for all Leonardo boards, the command above will work regardless of which COM port was actually assigned to your board.
Note that can cannot use this method if you have more than one device of the same type (i.e. that share the same USB VID/PID) plugged into your computer. Also, some devices ship various versions of firmwares using different VID/PID.
To figure out the USB VID and PID, you may use Windows devices manager (see the Hardware IDs of the Details tab of the USB device), or look it up in the official list of Arduino devices: https://github.com/arduino/ArduinoCore-avr/blob/master/boards.txt
USB VID/PID pairs for some popular boards and the respective commands are:
avrdude -c arduino -P usb:2A03:0043 -p m328p
avrdude -c avr109 -P usb:2341:0037 -p m32u4
avrdude -c avr109 -P usb:2341:0036 -p m32u4
avrdude -c avr109 -P usb:1B4F:9205 -p m32u4
avrdude -c avr109 -P usb:1B4F:9203 -p m32u4
avrdude -c avr109 -P usb:239A:0011 -p m32u4
Before any Arduino board may be flashed via the bootloader, you need to kick it into bootloader mode first. This can done manually by pressing the reset button, or automatically via an special auto-reset mechanism: For boards with a USB to serial converter chip (such as Arduino Uno or Nano), the tool needs to pull the DTR signal to low, which will briefly pull the RESET pin of the microcontroller to low. For boards with a direct USB connection (such as Arduino Leonardo or Micro), the sketch typically implements a serial port via a USB composite device with a virtual COM port. To perform the auto-reset, the sketch implements a hack that resets the device into bootloader mode when the COM port is opened with a baudrate of 1200bps. To make matters even more complicated, the bootloader COM port has a different USB VID:PID pair than the sketch COM port, which causes the COM port to change while performing the reset.
To simplify the process of auto-resetting the board, this version will auto-reset the device when AVRDUDE detects that the device is running in sketch mode. Note that the sketch is required to implement a USB composite device with a virtual COM port with a matching USB VID:PID, which is implemented in the Arduino core software.
Since AVRDUDE originated from Unix, the USB support in AVRDUDE is built upon the Unix-based USB library libusb. In order to support Windows, libusb has been ported to Windows libusb-win32.
The downside of using libusb-win32 is that it requires the user to manually install a kernel-mode driver (libusb0.sys or libusbk.sys) instead of the manufacturer supplied Windows driver. There are several hacks to accomplish this, such as the Zadig driver installation utility, which installs a self-signed root certificate in the Windows driver store due to the lack of proper driver installation packages.
This build contains a custom library called libwinusb, which implements a sub-set of the libusb-win32 API. The libwinusb implementation supports both the winusb.sys driver, and the libusb0.sys driver as well. This patch has a number of advantages, such as
Windows provides a mechanism to automatically load the built-in WinUSB driver without providing a driver installation package (INF file). The automatic WinUSB driver installation is triggered via a special Microsoft OS descriptor that must be present in the firmware of the USB device.
To demonstrate how this works, I added Microsoft OS descriptors to the following projects:
USBasp - USB programmer for Atmel AVR controllers: https://github.com/mariusgreuel/USBasp
FabISP a.k.a USBtinyISP - A fab-able in-system programmer: https://github.com/mariusgreuel/FabISP
Micronucleus - ATtiny USB bootloader with a strong emphasis on bootloader compactness: https://github.com/mariusgreuel/micronucleus
In order to support FTDI devices, AVRDUDE uses the Unix-based library libftdi1. Similar to libusb, the libftdi1 library does not play nice on Windows: On Windows, FTDI devices load the manufacturer supplied driver via plug-and-play. The FTDI drivers implement an API via the FTDI D2XX DLLs. However, libftdi1 cannot use the D2XX interface, so it will not work with the plug-and-play drivers.
This build contains a patches library of libftdi. The patches load the D2XX DLLs to support FTDI devices, so FTDI devices will just work.
This build include the WIN32 version of libhidapi, and some patches, to allow HID devices to work out of the box.
This build adds support for Microsoft Visual Studio. Building AVRDUDE with Microsoft Visual C/C++ will give you the best user and debugging experience while working on Windows.
This build fixes bug #54159: Buffer overflow in usbtiny.c, which causes AVRDUDE to crash when using the USBtiny programmer.
Support new microcontroller: ATtiny167
You can find the latest releases of AVRDUDE for Windows here:
https://github.com/mariusgreuel/avrdude/releases
You can find the original users manual (does not contain AVRDUDE for Windows extras) of AVRDUDE here:
https://www.nongnu.org/avrdude/user-manual/avrdude.html
The build instructions have been moved here:
https://github.com/avrdudes/avrdude/wiki
In order to build AVRDUDE on Windows, you need:
To build AVRDUDE on Windows, do the following:
git clone --branch windows https://github.com/mariusgreuel/avrdude
If you intent to use either the Micronucleus or Teensy bootloader, you should edit the udev rules so that you can run AVRDUDE without root.
For instance, if you are on Ubuntu and you installed the avrdude package, you would edit /lib/udev/rules.d/60-avrdude.rules
and add the following rules:
# Micronucleus Bootloader
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="16d0", ATTR{idProduct}=="0753", TAG+="uaccess"
# Teensy Bootloader
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="16c0", ATTR{idProduct}=="0478", TAG+="uaccess"
The current version of the Atmel DFU drivers that are distributed via the Windows Update are goofed up (@Atmel: It might have something to do with the fact that you commented out the CopyFiles sections!). Symptoms are:
You should use an older driver package that does not contain this bug.
The most current version of libusb0.sys is 1.2.6.0, signed on 12/17/2012 by Travis Lee Robinson. If you are using an older version (check with Windows Device Manager), you may not be able to connect to your USB devices using the libusb0 driver.