Introduction

This is GNU Bash, version 5.2. Bash is the GNU Project's Bourne Again SHell, a complete implementation of the POSIX shell spec, but also with interactive command line editing, job control on architectures that support it, csh-like features such as history substitution and brace expansion, and a slew of other features. For more information on the features of Bash that are new to this type of shell, see the file `doc/bashref.texi'. There is also a large Unix-style man page. The man page is the definitive description of the shell's features.

See the file POSIX for a discussion of how the Bash defaults differ from the POSIX spec and a description of the Bash `posix mode'.

There are some user-visible incompatibilities between this version of Bash and previous widely-distributed versions, bash-4.4, bash-5.0, and bash-5.1. For details, see the file COMPAT. The NEWS file tersely lists features that are new in this release.

Bash is free software, distributed under the terms of the [GNU] General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 3 of the License (or any later version). For more information, see the file COPYING.

A number of frequently-asked questions are answered in the file `doc/FAQ'. (That file is no longer updated.)

To compile Bash, type ./configure', then make'. Bash auto-configures the build process, so no further intervention should be necessary. Bash builds with gcc' by default if it is available. If you want to use cc' instead, type

CC=cc ./configure

if you are using a Bourne-style shell. If you are not, the following may work:

env CC=cc ./configure

Read the file INSTALL in this directory for more information about how to customize and control the build process. The file NOTES contains platform-specific installation and configuration information.

If you are a csh user and wish to convert your csh aliases to Bash aliases, you may wish to use the script examples/misc/alias-conv.sh' as a starting point. The script examples/misc/cshtobash' is a more ambitious script that attempts to do a more complete job.

Reporting Bugs

Bug reports for bash should be sent to:

[email protected]

using the `bashbug' program that is built and installed at the same time as bash.

The discussion list `[email protected]' often contains information about new ports of Bash, or discussions of new features or behavior changes that people would like. This mailing list is also available as a usenet newsgroup: gnu.bash.bug.

When you send a bug report, please use the bashbug' program that is built at the same time as bash. If bash fails to build, try building bashbug directly with make bashbug'. If you cannot build `bashbug', please send mail to [email protected] with the following information:

* the version number and release status of Bash (e.g., 2.05a-release)
* the machine and OS that it is running on (you may run
  `bashversion -l' from the bash build directory for this information)
* a list of the compilation flags or the contents of `config.h', if
  appropriate
* a description of the bug
* a recipe for recreating the bug reliably
* a fix for the bug if you have one!

The `bashbug' program includes much of this automatically.

Questions and requests for help with bash and bash programming may be sent to the [email protected] mailing list.

If you would like to contact the Bash maintainers directly, send mail to [email protected].

While the Bash maintainers do not promise to fix all bugs, we would like this shell to be the best that we can make it.

Other Packages

This distribution includes, in examples/bash-completion, a recent version of the `bash-completion' package, which provides programmable completions for a number of commands. It's available as a package in many distributions, and that is the first place from which to obtain it.

The latest version of bash-completion is always available from https://github.com/scop/bash-completion.

If it's not a package from your vendor, you may install the included version.

Enjoy!

Chet Ramey [email protected]

Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright notice and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is, without any warranty.